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Strengthening credit unions in the face of tariff uncertainty

From risk to resilience.

Article

Credit unions have long been known for their resilience, emerging in times of economic challenge and standing strong through shifting financial landscapes. Built on shared values and community commitment, they have weathered recessions, inflation, and global uncertainty with a steady, long-term approach. 

Today, as tariffs create new economic pressures, credit unions must once again adapt, ensuring they continue to support their members and communities. While the U.S. and international tariffs introduce significant economic headwinds, Canadian credit unions can navigate these challenges through diligent risk management, strategic adjustments, and active member engagement. In this article, we examine the impact of recent tariffs and trade conflicts on Canadian credit unions and provide guidance to mitigate risks through strategic planning.

Tariffs and Canadian credit unions: Key considerations

The escalation of tariffs has introduced uncertainty into the economic landscape, affecting businesses, consumers, and financial institutions alike. Credit unions must take a strategic and proactive approach to mitigate risk and ensure stability during such times.

Finding a path forward

The potential easing of interprovincial barriers presents an opportunity to strengthen the sector and expand its reach. While the opportunity to break down interprovincial barriers is clear, it requires more than individual effort. Credit unions must leverage their collective strength by supporting a unified advocacy front, ensuring that influential industry representatives effectively communicate their needs to regulatory bodies. 

Here are a few avenues to explore in the times ahead:

One of the most significant advantages of regulatory harmonization would be the ability for credit unions to expand beyond provincial borders. Currently, varying regulations limit geographic reach, restricting growth potential. A more unified framework would allow credit unions to serve members across multiple provinces, positioning them as stronger alternatives to national banks while maintaining their community-driven approach. By creating a national regulatory framework, the burden of navigating disparate provincial rules is removed, allowing credit unions to concentrate on serving members across the country.

A streamlined regulatory landscape would also facilitate strategic mergers and acquisitions within the credit union sector. When enabling credit unions to consolidate and scale more effectively, these partnerships could create larger, more competitive credit unions with enhanced financial resources, operational efficiencies, and service offerings. This growth could strengthen the credit union movement as a whole, ensuring its long-term resilience in an evolving financial ecosystem.

However, current regulatory restrictions make interprovincial mergers challenging. Provincial credit unions are generally not permitted to operate outside their home jurisdiction or merge with credit unions in other provinces. The only pathways to national expansion are either chartering as a federal credit union under the Canadian Bank Act or amalgamating with an existing federal credit union, both of which are complex, time-consuming processes.

To foster a more integrated and efficient credit union network, regulatory amendments should be considered to allow provincial credit unions to sell all of their assets to a federal or another provincial credit union in exchange for the issuance of membership shares to the selling credit union members.

Challenging economic conditions provide a chance for credit unions to reinforce their commitment to members through well-designed member assistance programs (MAP). Offering loan extensions, leasebacks, and financial counselling can provide relief to members facing financial strain, fostering deeper trust and long-term loyalty. Creative, member-first solutions will continue to differentiate credit unions from larger financial institutions.

Within the framework of privacy compliance and member consent, credit unions can use data analytics and AI to unlock inter-member business opportunities. By identifying synergies within their membership base and the broader credit union network across Canada, credit unions can act as cooperative economic hubs, facilitating connections that drive business growth, economic diversification, and stronger community networks. This network effect can amplify credit unions' role as catalysts for local economic development.

Through dedicated credit union venture capital initiatives, credit unions have an opportunity to nurture and support emerging credit union small businesses that could become key suppliers for the sector in the future. Investing in innovative businesses that align with the credit union movement can help ensure a robust and resilient ecosystem while supporting sustainable economic growth.

What are the potential impacts?

The rising tariffs could weaken industries reliant on U.S. exports leading to revenue declines and higher loan defaults within these sectors. As unemployment is projected to rise—potentially by 1.3%, or approximately 278,000 job losses—household incomes will be strained, increasing the risk of defaults on personal loans, mortgages, and credit card debt.

A surge in loan defaults may erode asset quality, requiring credit unions to increase provisions for loan losses. Prolonged economic downturns could also strain capital buffers, affecting solvency and regulatory compliance. Credit unions conducting annual ICAAP exercises should reassess their capital adequacy under stressed conditions to ensure financial stability.

Economic uncertainty may lead to increased member withdrawals, potentially creating liquidity challenges. Credit unions should stress test their liquidity coverage ratio (LCR), net stable funding ratio (NSFR), and net cumulative cash flow (NCCF) to evaluate resilience against withdrawal spikes and reduced inflows. Additionally, higher funding costs could arise as external financing becomes more expensive and traditional contingency funding options may not be available system wide. Exploring securitization, asset sales, and alternative lending sources can help mitigate these pressures.

Adapting finance and treasury functions

With the risks, challenges, and opportunities arising so far, credit unions need to adapt to thrive and succeed.

For business members, tariffs on imported and exported goods translate to increased operational costs and tighter profit margins. Supply chain disruptions further erode competitiveness, forcing businesses to reevaluate production strategies, pricing, and workforce needs. These pressures could lead to higher business loan defaults and a shift in commercial lending risk, requiring credit unions to reassess their commercial portfolios and risk tolerance. However, timely and accurate data will be critical, and it may be the time for credit unions to modernize processes to ensure their lending and risk teams are effective. This is especially true for credit unions exposed to the automotive and manufacturing industries.

Layoffs triggered by reduced production, shift eliminations, or business closures directly affect credit union members, leading to financial strain and declining deposits. The ripple effects extend beyond individual households—falling real estate prices, decreased small business activity, and declining local spending all pose broader risks to credit union stability. Strategic planning and community engagement will be essential to support members through these shifts.

Tariff-driven trade wars contribute to inflationary pressures, reducing the purchasing power of credit union members and heightening economic uncertainty. Stress testing for adverse scenarios (factoring in tariff shocks, supply chain disruptions, and market volatility) will be critical in preparing for potential financial instability. Integrating proactive monitoring will strengthen credit unions’ risk management strategies and build resilience against economic shocks.

Regulators are already ramping up with even more enquiries and data calls to assess the impact of tariffs on credit unions. In response, credit unions will be forced to enhance their data governance and data monetization practices, as well as update recovery and resolution plans.

How BDO can help

As the economic landscape shifts, ensuring financial stability and seizing growth opportunities will be critical for credit unions. We provide strategic guidance to navigate economic uncertainty while positioning credit unions for long-term growth. 

Our team offers deep industry expertise in risk management, regulatory compliance, and financial planning. From providing data analytics and data monetization services to tariff advisory strategies for members, conducting stress tests, optimizing capital planning, as well as supporting mergers and expansion strategies, we work alongside credit unions to develop tailored solutions that strengthen resilience and drive sustainable success. 

Additionally, given that market conditions and macroeconomic factors continue to shift, credit unions may encounter challenges with loan recoveries due to member financial stress. In these situations, our experienced Business Restructuring & Turnaround Services team can aid in navigating urgent situations and maximizing loan recoveries.

Contact us today to assist you in successfully navigating the impact of tariffs.

Ziad Akkaoui, National Practice Leader, Risk Advisory

Kelsie Montgomery, Partner, Assurance

Jeremy Picco, Partner, Risk Advisory Services

Peter Reimer, Director, Risk Consulting

Roshan David, Partner, Applied Analytics

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